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2015/06/07

Theodolites: Which One Do You Need?

By Carey Bourdier


Theodolites, as you may know, are important optical instruments used by surveyors and other types of engineers. The theodolite is used to measure angles and can do so in both the vertical and horizontal planes. While theodolites have long been known as helpful tools for many types of surveying, they also are used by meteorologists and aerospace engineers.

When purchasing a theodolite, it is imperative that you select the proper device for your needs. For instance, one type of theodolite, known as a telemetering theodolite is used to calibrate several different important navigational aids. These include instrument landing systems, as well as TACAN and VORTAC. Primarily these telemetering theodolites are used in regards to aircraft, including private, commercial and military aircraft.

An observation theodolite can be used to observe and also measure angles of elevation and azimuth of aircraft, pilot or weather balloons, ships and other moving objects. Some can be transported easily, while others are designed to be permanently fixed in a specific location. Many observations theodolites illuminate for night use. Sometimes these are known as pilot balloon observation theodolites or pibal theodolites. Some of these theodolites are used by meteorologists and others might be used on military vessels or perhaps commercial ships.

The pibal theodolite can be used to track a weather balloon; however, there are theodolites specifically designed for use by meteorologists. Not surprisingly, these are simply called meteorological theodolites and there are many different models to consider. Manufacturers such as Warren Knight produce meteorological theodolites that rapidly record information such as elevation angles and azimuth. These theodolites are designed to withstand many different conditions.

Generally, the transit theodolite is the one with which people tend to be the most familiar. These are used for hundreds of different surveying and engineering tasks. This includes determining land boundaries and in many types of construction engineering. A transit theodolite can be used to ensure that roads, bridges, railways and skyscrapers are well constructed and safe.

The theodolite has been around for centuries in various forms, but in 1971 a new type of theodolite was introduced and called a total station. This helpful device was the first optical instrument that could record angle measurements as well as distance. It includes a transit theodolite as well as an EDM or electronic distance meter. Civil engineers used the devices, and they are one of the most important tools in the arsenal of a mining engineer.




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